Comparing the Rights of Women from Essays Through the Eras

Society has long since recognized the concept of men being superior to women, both in the aspects of physical strength and the ability to earn living for their family. It was a natural concept that based and formed the modern society: strong versus weak, superior versus inferior, non-marginalized versus marginalized. In earlier time, this concept materialized itself in the battle of the sexes, or what we knew as men versus women. Naturally, the existence of this issue provoked counteractions from the marginalized sex: women. At those times when women could not freely express their thoughts in verbal manners, they did it through writing. A Vindication of the Rights of Women by Mary Wollstonecraft, Taking Women Students Seriously by†¦show more content†¦These differences were influenced by the time periods in which they lived, but they had the same basic premise: women were not respected enough, and the same basic goals: women needed to work by themselves to earn that respect they deserved. The ways society viewed women in each essayists era were different in accordance with the growth of feminism. In Mary Wollstonecrafts essay, we could see that women were seen as the less important sex to the extreme extent by the society of her era. They are, ridiculed or pitied by the writers who endeavor by satire or instructions to improve them (559), and are taken out of their sphere of duties, and made ridiculous and useless when the short-lived bloom of beauty is over. (560). Such remarks, though they might have been victims of hyperboles, couldnt have stemmed from mere insignificant degrading treatment from the society. These remarks showed that women, in Wollstonecrafts era, were viewed no more than objects of desire, means of reproduction which could be easily disposed and ridiculed once those of the greater sex grew bored with them. These notions might have sounded absurd, but if one were to base their opinions solely from those remarks, it was easy to see that women were t reated almost with no real respect for their identities. While in Adrienne RichsShow MoreRelatedThe Transformation of the Role of Women within Victorian Poetry1489 Words   |  6 Pages The role of women during the Victorian Era has been a prevalent topic over the course of the semester. Women during that time had limited rights, and the rights they did have were equivalent to that of children. Domesticity, caring for their husband and children was the focus of their livelihood. As England continued to grow and industrialize, women became more marginalized, while men continued to grow into dominant members of society, this is known as the notion of separate spheres. TheRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 PagesAP Exam Essays 2001-2010 2010 AP Exam Essays 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? 2. Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the comingRead MoreClassical Managment1274 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst introduced by Fayol around the turn of the century . 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Set during the late 1890s, the story shows the mental and emotional results of the typical rest cure prescribed during that era and the narrator’s reaction to this course of treatment. It would appear that Gilman was writing about her own anguish as she herself underwent such a treatment with Dr. Silas Weir MitchellRead MoreEducation And The Portrayal Of Women1619 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the Victorian Era, the right to a proper education for women was at the forefront of politics. Although England has Queen Victoria in parliament, nevertheless woman face oppression daily on the basis of their gender; primarily through the lack of education they receive throughout their lifetime. The struggle for education causes men and woman to compose multiple types of literary critiques to argue the social structure that currently exis ts in their society. The main statement made in politicalRead MoreCharacterization Of Macbeth1276 Words   |  6 Pagesthe name of Macbeth, the king of Scotland in 1040? In Jonathan Goldberg’s essay â€Å"Speculations: Macbeth and source† in Jean E Howard’s anthology on Shakespeare, Goldberg explains how the King Duncan in the play is a reflection of the real life Duncan I from Scotland in the 1030s when Scotland was going through distressing times. He suggests that real-life King Duncan is represented in a way that makes him seem weak through the character King Duncan. Goldberg perceives Duncan’s death as his own faultRead MoreThe Double Consciousness By. B Du Bois1651 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"double consciousness† coined by W.E.B Du Bois, became a popular ideology during the Harlem Renaissance to depict conflicting identities of the black community. Du Bois understood the historical context of black immigration from rural to urban areas w ould cause problems for those who wanted to create a better life for themselves. Many of the black men who moved to the north were â€Å"untrained and poorly educated.† Du Bois attempted to formulate his theory of identity with race, ethnicity, and cultureRead More Franklin D Roosevelt: The Constitutional Convention Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pages APUSH ESSAY [placeholder introduction] 400 years is a heck of a lot of time to sort through. Yet there are a few items which stand out above all others. these are Constitutional Convention, Progressive Era, Franklin D Roosevelt The Constitutional Convention was held to write a document to replace the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation was the USian peoples first attempt at a constitution and had many issues. The federal government had little power and experienced

Personality Theory - 1438 Words

Running head: PERSONALITY THEORY Personality Theory Paper Bonnie Garcia University of Phoenix/PSYCH 504 Dr. Melissa Venezia April 19, 2010 In this paper I have chosen Abraham Maslow to explain how his theory has influenced my understanding of the personalities and behaviors of people in society and in the workplace. Furthermore, I will explain how Maslow’s theory has influenced my position in society and in the workplace, along with my interactions with others. Abraham Maslow brought a bright outlook to the world of psychology with his idea of hierarchy of human needs.† His idea of an authentic self† that core part of an individual who strives towards growth, is then measured one of the foundation stones of the Humanistic†¦show more content†¦According to Maslow, esteem needs becomes increasingly important. These include the need for factors that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and accomplishment. Because of the fact that I have not moved forward in Maslow’s Hierarchy of social need this level is extremely difficult. I have accomplished many events in life to know satisfaction. After completing my Bachelor’s degree, I had no emotional sense of gratitude. I was asked numerous times by people â€Å"how I felt,† â€Å"did I feel different† or â€Å"what was I going to do now,† and because of my unfortunate low self-esteem, I cannot find the importance of esteem needs. Self-esteem is essential in personality. I carry myself around others in society and in the workforce as if I am a strong person with self-esteem. I am hungry to belong. At home and in my personal time I am most content being alone. I find calmness in spending time alone, watching a moving or just sitting out back by the pool reading a book. According to Maslow, Self-actualizing is the last step; people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential. I am nowhere close to this step, although, I am developing a better understanding of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. I look forward toward working through all of the levels to achieve self-awareness regarding who I am as a person developing and achieving a healthierShow MoreRelatedPerson ality And Theory Of Personality Essay2250 Words   |  9 PagesPersonality Examined Personality is deeply complexing subject that cannot be easily summed up. There is no concrete right answer, or only one way to evaluate any given subject, as every aspect of personality has more than one view point or angle. Famous psychologists such as Freud, Adler, Jung, Erickson, Eysenck, and Skinner all shaped and conducted the research that would come together and be taught to generations as the foundations of personality and the theory of personality. To better understandRead MorePersonality Theory And Personality Theories1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Personality can be defined in many ways due to the individual and unique aspects of personality, and there is yet to be a definitive answer for what personality is and how it comes into being. Generally personality can be defined as the relatively constant, individual and unique characteristics and traits which present themselves to others in different circumstances. Due to the many unknown factors of personality psychologists have suggested many ways in which personality is created,Read MoreTheories Of Personality And Personality1039 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of Personality At one point in life, at a young age or as a resident in an elderly home, the question of who am I will arise. It is a convoluted mesh of thoughts and feelings that a person will go through before coming up with an answer. Some people may even experience cognitive dissonance in trying to explain different stages of life, while others will be comfortable in responding instantaneously with minimal cognition. In going through this process and drawing up the ‘who am I’ andRead MorePersonality Theory : Personality Theories2989 Words   |  12 Pages Personality Theories Personality Theories: Of the many varieties of personality theory on offer, do you think any offer distinct advantages over the others, and if so, why? 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The theories that will be discussed in the relation to the development of personality are the Big Five trait theory, with emphasis on neuroticism, a phenome nological approach, and finally the learning and cognitive approaches. A synthesis of the approachesRead MorePersonality Theory Of Personality Development1325 Words   |  6 PagesMany personality theorists offered different explanations for human behaviors as well as established specific stages of personality development. However, person centered theory does not have a theory of personality structure, rather believes that it is essential to follow certain principles in order to develop the self-concept. 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Multiple personality theories exist however one of the most interesting is the theory of personality by Carl Rogers. Rogers writes, â€Å"the core of man’s nature is essentially positive† (1961, p.73). â€Å"Carl Ransom Rogers (January 8,1902- February 4, 1987) was an influential American psychologist who, along with Abraham Maslow founded the humanistic approach to psychology† (â€Å"Carl,† 2017,

Human Resource Management Customized Job Enrichment

Question: Describe about the Human Resource Management for Customized Job Enrichment. Answer: Hackman and Oldham claim that if employees feel their jobs are interesting, challenging and important, they will be motivated, and that high motivation will lead to improved work performance, job satisfaction and reduced absenteeism and labour turnover. This assignment has been prepared in order to gain a better insight into the statement given by Hackman and Oldham. We will discuss the present scenario of human resource management in business organisations and how providing challenging and interesting work to the employees can have an effect on their performance, job commitment, organisational commitment, motivation, etc. Human Resource Management Human resource management is an approach that aims at managing the workforce of a company by using various concepts, such as performance management, compensation management, training and development, employee motivation, staff retention, etc. The basic idea behind the concept of human resource management is to improve the work conditions for the employees and optimise their performances as a result of it. The present day business scenario is complex and highly competitive. With the spread of globalization, business organisations are competing on a global scale where operations and technology can be very easily developed. In such a situation, business organisations are largely relying upon their human resources to achieve market competencies and their organisational goals and objectives. Therefore, companies are investing millions of dollars every year in the management of their human resources and to improve the work conditions for them so that they can perform better and can contrib ute their best towards the fulfilment of organisational goals and objectives (Inc.com, 2016). Hackman and Oldham were two behavioural experts who proposed that the job or the tasks provided to the employees themselves were a very important factor that could help the management in keeping the employees motivated and optimise their performances and work conditions. They also proposed the Job Characteristics Theory, also known as JCT, which was based on similar concepts. Let us now discuss some important concepts, such as job enrichment and how such concepts can have an effect on the performance of the employees (Tutor2u.net, 2016). Relation Between Job Characteristics And Employee Performance In the past few years, human resource managers have realized that they can improve the work conditions for the employees by making the job more interesting for them. As a result, human resource managers came up with the concept of job enrichment, which aims at providing challenging and exciting tasks to the employees. Let us now talk about the benefits of providing challenging and exciting tasks to the employees and how it can have an effect on their performance: Learning new skills a number of behaviour experts have suggested that employees are always interested in acquiring new skills and techniques that would help them in building their career in the future. If the management is able to provide the employees with tasks and jobs that are challenging, interesting and can help them in acquisition of new skills and techniques, they can easily motivate them to perform better in their jobs and contribute more towards the achievement of organisational objectives. The employees perceive a lot of benefits from the fact that they will get to learn something new and as a result, they tend to perform better when they are given challenging tasks (Bizcommunity.com, 2016). Reduced boredom Boredom occurs when the employees are given the same tasks and job to perform again and again. It makes their routine and work monotonous and they feel bored by repeating the same things over and over again. Boredom has been found to have a lot of negative impacts on the performance of business organisations. It has been observed that an organisation where the employees are bored of their work, there is no scope of creativity and the performance levels fall drastically. If the human resource management of a company is able to provide the employees with challenging work that tests the skills or performances of the employees, the employees would not feel bored. Once they are used to regular changes in the tasks they have to perform, their job would become more interesting for them and they would perform better as compared to the situation when they are given monotonous work (Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016). Receive recognition Maslow was one of the pioneers in the subject of human behaviour who suggested the need hierarchy theory. Maslow, in his theory, claimed that the humans are motivated to work harder when they have certain needs which they want to get fulfilled. Maslow organised these needs into five levels and recognition was one of them. Receiving recognition at the workplace is something which is desired by all the employees. All the employees want to be a part of an organisation where they matter. If they are given tasks that can challenge their skills and knowledge, they would perform their best as it would be an opportunity for them to gain recognition (Study.com, 2016). Employee motivation when the senior management of the company trusts the employees with tasks that are important and challenging, the employees perceive it in a very good way. They feel that the management trusts them with important responsibilities. As a result, they become motivated to perform well and they try their best to fulfil the responsibilities that are assigned to them (YourArticleLibrary.com: The Next Generation Library, 2015). Sense of accomplishments the management has to work really hard when it has to improve the work conditions for the workforce so that they can optimise the performance of the employees. When the company makes efforts to improve the work conditions for the employees, the employees to feel a sense of responsibility towards the organisation and they perform better to play their role. When they perform better they achieve much more than what they could have achieved when the job or tasks provided to them were boring. When they achieve goals and objectives regularly, they develop a sense of accomplishment which motivates them and fulfil their needs. Benefits for the employers the concept of providing challenging jobs and tasks is not just beneficial for the employees but is also very beneficial for the employers. The employers get a good chance of testing the skills and capabilities of the employees. It helps the employers in identifying the star performers and the employees who do not perform well. Consequently, it also becomes easier for the employees to design training and development programs for the employees so that they can acquire the skills that they lack. The employers can also easily appraise the star performers and can consider them when for promotions when higher posts in the organisation become vacant due to unexpected reasons. Reduced absenteeism one of the most important advantage of job enrichment is that it helps the organisations in bringing down absenteeism. Absenteeism is defined as the situation where the employees take too many unnecessary leaves from their work. It has been observed that absenteeism is higher in those organisations that are unable to provide interesting or exciting work to their employees. When the work gets monotonous or boring for the employees, they tend to take more unwanted leaves in order to take a break from their boring routine. On the other hand, if the organisations are able to provide the employees with interesting and challenging work, it would keep them busy and they would show less absenteeism due to the responsibilities that the management will assign to them. Thus, job enrichment can be very helpful in bringing down absenteeism at the workplace. Reduced labour turnover rates labour turnover rate is defined as the rate at which the employees leave an organisation due to various reasons. High turnover rates are always a huge matter of concern for the human resource managements of business organisations as it results in wastage of a lot of resources that were invested in the employees that leave the organisation. Companies which are able to provide challenging jobs to the employees experience lower turnover rates as the employees tend to stick to the companies that can offer the workforce with better future prospects and a chance to grow in their career paths. Thus, providing challenging and exciting work can also help the business organisations in bringing down the labour turnover rates. Conclusion After studying the benefits of providing challenging and exciting tasks to the employees, we can easily conclude that it can help in improving the job conditions for the employees. It not only improves the job conditions for the workforce but also motivates them to perform better and contribute their best towards the achievement of organisational goals and objectives. The employees become more productive, committed towards their jobs and the organisations and they even become motivated. Thus, it can be easily concluded that the claim made by Hackman and Oldham stands to be true for the human resources of the present day world. References Hackman Oldhams Job Characteristics Model | Business | tutor2u. (2016). Tutor2u.net. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/hackman-oldhams-job-characteristics-model Feder, I. (1999). Customized job enrichment and its effect on job performance. [Parkland, Fla.]: Dissertation.com. Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model | Employee motivation theories | YourCoach Gent. (2016). Yourcoach.be. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.yourcoach.be/en/employee-motivation-theories/hackman-oldham-job-characteristics-model.php Hackman, J., Pearce, J., Wolfe, J. (1978). Effects of changes in job characteristics on work attitudes and behaviors: A naturally occurring quasi-experiment. Organizational Behavior And Human Performance, 21(3), 289-304. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(78)90055-7 Hosie, P., Sevastos, P., Cooper, C. (2006). Happy-performing managers. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Human Resource Management. (2016). Inc.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/human-resource-management.html Job Enrichment: Meaning, Characteristics, Advantages and Limitations. (2015). YourArticleLibrary.com: The Next Generation Library. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/hrm/jobs/job-enrichment-meaning-characteristics-advantages-and-limitations/53318/ McKenna, E. (1994). Business psychology and organisational behaviour. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum. Savall, H. (1981). Work and people (Enrichir le travail humain dans les entreprises et les organisations, engl.). An economic evaluation of job-enrichment. Oxford: Clarendon Pr. Oldham, G., Hackman, J., Pearce, J. (1976). Conditions under which employees respond positively to enriched work. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 61(4), 395-403. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.61.4.395 Reddy, K. (2016). Top 15 Advantages and Disadvantages of Job Enrichment - WiseStep. WiseStep. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://content.wisestep.com/top-advantages-disadvantages-job-enrichment/ The Advantages Disadvantages of Job Enrichment. (2016). Smallbusiness.chron.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-job-enrichment-11960.html The importance of a challenging work environment. (2016). Bizcommunity.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/410/423/76259.html The Needs Theory: Motivating Employees with Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Video Lesson Transcript | Study.com. (2016). Study.com. Retrieved 10 August 2016, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-needs-theory-motivating-employees-with-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs.html

The use of nigger or nigga in present day language Essay Example For Students

The use of nigger or nigga in present day language Essay The relationship between the speaker and to whom he or she is speaking to, should definitely be taken into account when evaluating if this usage is hateful or offensive. Randall Kennedy addresses the idea of race and the intention of the speaker, in his book, Nigger, when he says, There is nothing necessarily wrong with a white person saying nigger, just as there is nothing necessarily wrong with a black person saying it. What should matter is the context in which the word is spoken-the speakers aims, effects, alternatives (51). We will write a custom essay on The use of nigger or nigga in present day language specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When controversy does arise over the issue of the words nigger or nigga, young adults who actually use the terms do not identify with the idea of it being a racial slur because expressing racism and prejudice is the last thing on their minds when they are saying these slang terms in normal conversations with friends. On the opposite end of the argument are those people who consider nigger in any form to be a racial slur, regardless of the manner in which it is spoken. The people against its use firmly believe that nigger should be struck from the English language and all kinds of slang for reasons stemming from racism. They argue that saying nigger or nigga is equivalent to saying kike, chink, or gook, which are other racial slurs that are not openly spoken, but would certainly cause tensions if they were voiced. However, one could dispute this assertion by stating that kike, chink, and gook are not used in everyday language and infused into our culture the way nigga continues to be, and for that reason, the two ideas cannot be compared. The main reason why nigger is thought to be intolerable is because it has such a dreadful history and is considered in some circles to be the ultimate symbol of hate. Every utterance of the word is an awful reminder of the tragic days of enslavement when whites purposely called black people niggers to degrade them and lower their status. This idea is addressed by Lena Williams, in her book, Its the Little Things, Everyday Interactions That Anger, Annoy, and Divide the Races, when she says, They know that by calling blacks nigger they strip us of our humanity and jar our collective memories, reminding us of days not so long ago when all of us were niggers in their eyes (198). People against this words existence in mainstream America believe it has too much negative history. It is understandable how it would stir up painful memories and signal racism but then why have African Americans included the term so often in their everyday speech that it has become common to hear it being spoken. It seems a bit contradictory when a person hears about the anguish caused by the mere utterance of nigger, but then turns around to find a group of young African Americans on the street, using the word easily in friendly conversation without a second thought. If black people are indeed hurt by the mention of nigger, then they should initiate the change in American slang and cease to use the word themselves. One could then go on to argue that African Americans do not use the term in a hateful way, and that they are using the word loosely among friends. Furthermore, this supports the argument that the definition of nigger or nigga is indeed gradually changing and taking on a connotative meaning and moving away from its sad and degrading denotative meaning. Many white people in the middle of this controversy have begun to talk about separating and defining the versions of the word and have also questioned the fact that African Americans use the terms so freely. Kennedy addresses the issue of nigger vs. nigga when he states that there are currently some Americans who insist upon distinguishing nigger-which they see as exclusively an insult-from nigga, which they view as a term capable of signaling friendly salutation (5). The idea is that only the spelling has changed but each word in todays society has taken on its own meaning. .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4 , .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4 .postImageUrl , .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4 , .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4:hover , .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4:visited , .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4:active { border:0!important; } .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4:active , .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4 .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1aab21355cafd1774284d996e43f06b4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dangers of Social Networking Sites EssayIt would be frowned upon if a white teenager was to say, Hey you, nigger, but if he said, Hows it going, my nigga? which is in part how nigga is used among friends of the younger generations, it should be acceptable and overlooked. People in the middle believe that it is okay to use this slang term as long as it is spoken privately among close friends and not in the public view. Another viewpoint, which causes uncertainty on this issue, is that while black Americans are saying the word is terrible and should not be spoken, they are using the word freely and publicly. This view is expressed by one lady that was interviewed by Williams, when she wonders, If blacks dont want whites to use the word, why are they putting it out there in the mainstream popular culture? (199). African Americans use of nigger and at the same time, the disapproval of the word by black people are viewed as contradictory, therefore causing confusion on what is indeed inappropriate or acceptable language. The ever-changing parlance of young adults can be heard commonly in popular culture but as time progresses certain slang terms will come into use that may cause a few eyebrows to be raised. It is likely that the young generations of people who use or hear these questionable words will fail to see a problem with their word choice but the older generations may not be as understanding. The disagreements and misunderstandings occur when people of the older generations and even some from the younger generations do not recognize that it is only a slang term spoken on the streets, among friends, to show friendship, respect, or as a pronoun to refer to other people. The casual use of nigger or nigga should not be taken offensively as long as the speaker is not using it in a racist manner and those people that are in opposition should understand that the young adults, who do use this term, are doing so with no ill intent. I believe that if this word is really so demeaning, African Americans should also refrain from using this speech, instead of using it so often and freely and putting it out there for the public, in their song lyrics. I also think that the use or overuse of this word may be able to wipe away the uncomfortable implications of the past and bring on a new meaning, which would solely be a term of endearment and camaraderie. Not only is this a touchy subject for young adults of my age group, but it also sparks an interest because the word is so readily used on the streets, and especially in the hip hop culture and much of the music that comes out of this scene. It seems like people of my generation may share the same view; that it is acceptable and not considered hate speech as long as there are no racist intentions and spoken among friends. Not only is this a touchy subject for young adults of my age group, but it also sparks an interest because the word is so readily used on the streets, and especially in the hip hop culture and much of the music that comes out of this scene. which is widely marketed to the public.

An Ethical Analysis of Animal Rights

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction An Ethical Analysis of Animal Rights Animal Rights Advocacy Discussion Conclusion References Abstract This paper reviews the issue of animal rights from an ethical perspective. It begins by noting that this issue has gained prominence with advocates asking for animals to be given greater rights. The paper explains the human exceptionalism perspective, which gives humans a higher moral status due to their sophisticated cognitive abilities.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on An Ethical Analysis of Animal Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper uses a number of ethical theories including utilitarianism, Kantian theory, and virtue ethics to demonstrate that animal rights can be denied on ethical grounds. It then highlights some of the arguments given by animal rights advocates and shows their shortcomings. The paper concludes by reasserting that animals cannot b e given equal rights to human beings as long as human beings are expected to live a rich and fulfilling life. Introduction The relationship between humans and animals has historically been characterized by humankind adopting a superior position and exploiting animals for his own good. This historical view of animals as creatures with no rights of moral status has been challenged aggressively in the recent past. A number of arguments concerning the status of animals have emerged over the decades. These arguments revolve around the issue of whether animals should or should not be given rights in the same way that humans have rights. The contemporary animal rights movement has gained significant support over the past two decades. Members of these movements advocate for animals to be granted rights, which would limit the manner in which they are used. On the other hand, animal rights opponents assert that human beings are the only creatures who deserve rights due to their higher moral s tatus. This paper will set out perform a critique of the animal rights arguments with the human exceptionalism perspective in mind. It will then make use of a number of ethical theories including utilitarianism and Kantian theory to demonstrate that animals do not deserve similar rights to humans. An Ethical Analysis of Animal Rights The issue of animal rights has slowly emerged as a controversial topic in need of ethical consideration. Using a number of ethical theories, this issue can be analyzed in order to determine if animals deserve rights as the proponents of animal rights assert. A major perspective used to deny animal rights is human exceptionalism.Advertising Looking for term paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the human exceptionalism perspective, human beings differ psychologically from other animals and because of these differences; human beings have a special status. Human beings have mo re sophisticated cognitive abilities giving them a higher moral status than that of the other animals. Beauchamp and Frey (2011) acknowledge that while animals have a capacity to think, the reasoning capacity of humans is superior to that of animals. In addition to this, human beings have a moral status that is fundamentally different to that of other animals. Human exceptionalism declares that human beings stand uniquely at the top of moral worth. Phelps (2013) admits that the fight for animal rights will be hard to win since priority is given to the needs of human beings. A number of ethical theories support the supremacy of human beings as underscored by human exceptionalism perspective. Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative theory can be used to address the issue of animal rights. According to this theory, for a creature to be afforded rights, it has to be able to act as a moral agent. Acting as a moral agent means carrying out the right action in spite of the impulses o f the person/creature at the moment (Scott, 2010). According to Kant’s theory, the ethical action is the one that follows the rules at all times regardless of the consequences of the action. This action is guided by pre-defined rules and regulations. From a Kantian perspective, a creature is afforded a moral status if it can follow rules at all times. Animals lack the ability to follow rules since they are driven by desires and often act on impulse. Unlike human beings, who can suppress their desires and choose the right action, animals are compelled by their desires. Due to this lack of ability to act as moral agents, animals cannot be granted autonomy since they do not have a moral status. Utilitarianism looks at the sum satisfaction of all beings instead of looking at the interests of a single being. For the utilitarian, the ethical action is the one that causes maximum benefit for the highest number of people (Dogan, 2011). From the utilitarian perspective, killing animal s is right since it benefits many people. The animal provides food products or clothing items that are vital for human enjoyment and survival.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on An Ethical Analysis of Animal Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Animal rights activists are having a hard time convincing people to stop eating animals (Freeman, 2010). Aaltola (2011) admits that the animal industry is a substantial source of financial gain for the community. This financial gain benefits millions of people ranging from the farmers who take care of the animals to the businesspeople who trade in animal products. From the utilitarian perspective, human beings have a right to thrive and prosper. This cannot happen without treating animals as lesser creatures since human thriving depends on utilization of animals. Wesley (2013) forcefully asserts that â€Å"animal rights are a serious threat to human well-being† (p.6). For example, killing animals for food or clothing remains inextricably bound with human thriving. Without animals to provide meat and other products, human beings would not enjoy the balanced diet necessary for their growth and development. Animals play a significant part in medical and scientific development. They are used for testing to provide a better understanding of illnesses and their corresponding treatments before the drugs can be administered to humans. Researchers insist that using animals in medical testing is necessary for medical advancement to be made (Marna, 2009). Virtue ethics theory also supports the denial of some rights to animals. According to this theory, the ethical action is one that is done with good motives or without vicious motives. The character of the agent who carries out the action is analyzed to assess the ethical nature of the action taken. Rainer and Tibor (2012) document that it is the obligation of human beings or their agents of their governments to prevent the violation of the rights of those living under their jurisdiction. The virtuous action might therefore require the extermination of animals that pose a threat to human existence. The ethical action is the one that results in the positive actions for the parties involved. A denial of animal rights and liberty often leads to better outcomes for the animals. Cochrane (2009) argues that freedom is only intrinsically good for animals that are able to choose and reflect upon a particular kind of life.Advertising Looking for term paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Upon this reflection, this group of animals can then choose on a particular kind of life or change their plans based on their reflections. For most human rights activists, practices such as keeping animals in zoos or using them in circuses is analogous to human slavery and should therefore be abolished (Cochrane, 2009). However, research indicates that animals have higher chances of survival under captivity. Rudy (2013) confirms that freedom is an elusive concept for animals and for humans since many animals appear to fare better in captivity than they would in the wild. This fact seems to negate the position that it would be ethical to let animals enjoy their freedom and autonomy since such action would be detrimental to the welfare of the animal. In spite of viewing humans as superior to animals, human exceptionalism does not allow for animals to be treated cruelly for no apparent reason. Governments and animal welfare organizations insist that domesticated animals should be treat ed well by farmers (Phillips, et al., 2010). To address the challenges that arise from experimenting with animals, there are Animal Welfare laws in place (Rollin, 2012). These laws ensure that animals are not forced to endure unjustifiable gruesome horrors. Animal Rights Advocacy The notion of animal rights stems from the belief that animals have valid claims to existence, which might be translated into actual rights. Dogan (2011) asserts that animals have â€Å"a right to life, to liberty, to subsistence, to relief from suffering, and to security against attacks on their physical existence† (p.473). Animal rights advocates state that the interests of animals are of vital importance to them and they should not be limited by human beings. Herzog, Dinoff and Page (1997) observe that the animal rights perspective involves a fundamental shift in world-view. Human beings are brought up knowing that they have a higher moral status and intelligence than animals. Animal activism requ ires the person to concede that animals have rights and a moral status similar to that of humans. Boddice (2011) observes that the notions of rights, suffering, personhood, and citizenship are particular to human beings and might not be transferable to animals. A strong case of animal rights is made by the philosopher Professor Tom Regan. He argues that animals have rights based on the moral obligation of human beings not to inflict unnecessary suffering and death upon animals. Traditionally, there is a strong co-relation between the capacity for higher order thoughts and the possession of rights. Animal rights advocates declare that rights should not be dependent on the mental or cognitive capacities of creatures. Instead, each creature has inherent rights that should be respected by others. In spite of the insistence on a uniform view of all creatures, Herzog et al. (1997) reveal that animal rights activists demonstrate more concern for particular animals. This concern is sometime s guided by the mental capacities and perceived intelligences of different species. Animals that are perceived to have higher intelligence are given a higher moral status than those that have lower mental capacities. Kelly (2008) elaborates on the line-drawing by animal rights activists by noting that most of them argue that great apes deserve more rights than other animals because their interests are more similar to those of human beings. Animal rights proponents assert that the denial of animal rights has an adverse impact on human morality. While the rights of animals are disputed, there is general agreement that all human beings have certain rights. Human beings are required to act in a manner that does not violate the rights of others and any behavior that might encourage the violation of human rights is undesirable. Denial of human rights might lead to inhuman treatment of animals. One of the extreme expressions of this inhumanity is animal cruelty. This behavior not only affe cts that animal, which is the victim of the abuse, but also the person perpetrating the act. The effect of animal cruelty on individual morality is well established. Flynn (2001) documents that animal abuse is likely to lead to a distortion or inhibition of empathy and even make it easier for the person to disregard the lives of fellow human beings. Animal cruelty is therefore likely to lead to cruelty to human beings since it leads to a blunting of the conscience. Another argument made for animal rights is that animals, just like humans, have experiences and are subjects of lives. As such, they should be accorded respect treated like human beings in terms of being given rights. The reason for this is that animals share similarities with human beings and while differences do exist, we should focus on the similarities. Kelly (2008) elaborates that from this view, animals are regarded as having individuality, autonomy and even sovereignty. While this might be the case, animals differ significantly from human beings. Their experiences cannot be deemed similar to those of humans. In addition to this, animal rights advocates assert that animals should be entitled to certain rights since they are sentient, meaning that they have the capacity to experience pleasure and pain. The presence of sentience is used as the grounds for granting rights since ethical theories assert the undeniable badness of the phenomenology of pain (Hadley, 2013). However, this argument fails to consider the fact that animals do inflict pain on each other. This is especially the case when predators attack and kill their prey (Morrison, 2009). Rainer and Tibor (2012) states that protecting the rights of animals presents a dilemma since it might mean getting rid of the animals that prey upon others. However, this would violate the rights of the predator to live freely and obtain food. Discussion In spite of the varying viewing concerning the existence or lack of animal rights, opponents and pro ponents both agree that animals have value. However, this value is not equal due to the significant differences between humans and animals. Animal rights activists present human exceptionalism as a negative thing that should be done away with. They assert that human beings should be treat animals as equal and avoid violence towards them. Morrison (2009) reveals that the animal rights activists never argue against nonhuman animal predators. The predatorial behavior of animals against other animals is tolerated even though it inflicts harm to the prey. In addition to this, the advocacy for vegetarianism by animal rights advocates is detrimental to animals. Hudson (2011) demonstrates that vegetarianism is harmful to animals since it leads to displacement of animals from agricultural lands. Conclusion This paper set out to research the animal rights issue from an ethical perspective. It has shown that it is not practical to accept animals to the community of equals regardless of the hug e differences in cognitive skills between them and human beings. By using the human exceptional perspective, the paper has shown that various ethical values support the denial of animal rights. The paper has shown how giving animals’ equal rights to humans would substantially diminish the welfare and prosperity enjoyed by humanity. While calling for better treatment and care for animals is a human and noble endeavor, the idea of granting animals rights as if they were people is detrimental to human existence. Such a move would subvert human rights since it would undermine the ability of human beings to utilized animals for human well-being and prosperity. References Aaltola, E. (2011). The Philosophy behind the Movement: Animal Studies versus Animal Rights. Society Animals, 19 (1), 393-406 Beauchamp, T.L., Frey, R.G. (2011). The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Boddice, R. (2011). Anthropocentrism: Humans, Animals, Environments. NJ: Brill. Cochrane, (2009). Do Animals Have an Interest in Liberty? Political Studies, 57(3), 660-679. Dogan, A. (2011). A Defense of Animal Rights. J Agric Environ Ethics, 24(1), 473–491. Flynn, C.P. (2001). Acknowledging the Zoological Connection: A Sociological Analysis of Animal Cruelty. Society Animals, 9(1), 71-87. Freeman, C. (2010). Framing Animal Rights in the ‘Go Veg’ Campaigns of U.S. Animal Rights Organizations. Society Animals, 18(2), 163-182. Hadley, J. (2013). Liberty and Valuing Sentient Life. Ethics the Environment, 18(1), 87-103. Herzog, H., Dinoff, B., Page, J. (1997). Animal Rights Talk: Moral Debate over the Internet. Qualitative Sociology, 20(3), 399-418. Hudson, L. (2011). A Species of Thought: Bare Life and Animal Being. Antipode, 43(5), 1659-1678. Kelly, O. (2008). What Is Wrong with (Animal) Rights? Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 22(3), 214-224. Marna, O. (2009). Animal Rights: Noble Cause or Needless Effort? NY: Twenty-First Century Books , 2009. Morrison, A.R. (2009). An Odyssey with Animals: A Veterinarian’s Reflections on the Animal Rights Welfare Debate. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Phelps, N. (2013). Changing the Game: Why the Battle for Animal Liberation Is So Hard and How We Can Win It. NY: Lantern Books. Phillips, J.C. et al. (2010). Activism and Trust: Animal Rights vs. Animal Welfare in the Food Supply Chain. Journal of Food Distribution Research, 41(1), 91-95. Rainer, R., Tibor, M. (2012). Innocent Threats and the Moral Problem of Carnivorous Animals. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 29 (2), 146-159. Rollin, B. (2012). The Moral Status of Invasive Animal Research. Hastings Center Report, 42 (1), 4-6. Rudy, K. (2013). Ethics and Animals: An Introduction. Ethics the Environment, 18(1), 125-135. Scott, D.W. (2010). Animals and Ethics. Retrieved from: https://www.iep.utm.edu/anim-eth/ Wesley, J.S. (2013). A Rat Is a Pig Is a Dog Is a Boy: The Human Cost of the Animal Rights Movement. NY: Encounter Books. This term paper on An Ethical Analysis of Animal Rights was written and submitted by user Ben Reilly to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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buy custom Health Education essay Health education entails dispatching information, and development of skills, which empowers an individual to take action to address social, economic and environmental determinants of health. It is the role of the government to facilitate health education nationwide by financing, procurement and monitoring the necessary stakeholders. Government has a core role in maintaining the standards of health education by ensuring availability of competent workforce is in place. The government through the relevant department (health and human services) guarantees quality services by employing qualified candidates who are certified for the purpose of health education. Moreover, it monitors health status to identify community health issues in the country through epidemiological studies and surveillance. The government is supposed to establish the necessary policies in the health education. Through government campaign programs, the individuals can be mobilized to understand the importance of taking the role of health promotion for personal benefits. The government also develops laws and regulations to protect the citizens from illegal group giving adulterated health messages with an aim of making money. The mode of dispatching the health message, should be formulated and prescribe by the government to ensure that effectiveness and correct messages reach the citizens or the target group in time. The government has a role to ensure that health education services are available and accessible to all target groups without bias or discrimination. In collaboration with the research centers, the government plays a role of capacity building for community health. Local health department plays a major role in the delivery of health education. Among the services provided by the local government include; immunization services, control and prevention of communicable diseases, conducting community outreach and education programs, maintenance of food and nonfat hygiene, inspection of environmental sanitation. The U.S.A has several agencies that play a role in health education process they include; department of health and human services, department of education which help in incorporation of health education information in the curriculum, department of agriculture mostly involved in the campaign for food production, housing and urban development involved in the designing and certification for houses to enhance safety to inhabitants and department of justice that contribute in safeguarding the health rights. There are also independent agencies such as; Consumer Product safety Commission, Society for Public Health Education, American Public Health Association, Environmental Protection Agency and the Nation Science Foundation. The local government collaborates effectively with the local public health workers community health workers and other professional in the community level to improve the provision of the health education. Health education like many other programs has challenges that prevent the stakeholders to achieve their optimal best. The major challenge affecting health education is the political interferences where the laws makers fail to represent their voters on issues policy making but are more concern with of power struggle between the two major parties in USA. Lack of proper training on leadership in agencies participating in health education, inadequate resources to sail the programs through, poor strategic plans on emergency preparedness for threats such as chemical and biological terrorism, as well as the divergence off the population culture due to dual citizenship thus people introduce their respective cultures. The challenges can lead to failure to improve the health status of the targeted groups where they tend to really with medical, which is more of curing than prevention. It should be noted that well programmed health education could cut the medical expenses since it proactive and target adopting lifestyle that promotes health. Buy custom Health Education essay

Contemporary issues portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contemporary issues portfolio - Essay Example For instance, Nokia Corporation has established its global position within the mobile market. The organisation is well-known for its exceptional deliverance of telecommunication and networking services across the different regions of the world paying due attention towards the business environment of the particular region along with its corporate cultural features. The organisation practices an effective as well as flexible decision making and operational process which considerably focuses on product innovation and technological advancements of its range of electronic devices (Henten & et. al., 2004). The report hereby intends to briefly discuss the business environment and corporate culture of Nokia in the global cellular market. The discussion henceforth will be focused on highlighting the business environment through the appropriate identification of the internal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company in the global mobile technology market. Moreover, the re port will further include the role and significance of business environment and corporate culture practiced by Nokia paying due consideration towards its challenges in the global market. Relevance of Environment and Corporate Cultures in Nokia External Business Environment Business environment, in the 21st century context, principally consists of four major dimensions such as political, economic, social as well as technological factors which can be grouped through the implementation of a PEST analysis model (Lorat, 2009). Political Environment Political factors are often observed to have a major bearing upon a business organisation to efficiently coordinate its number of vital operations. These factors can create positive impacts upon an organisation’s business in terms of making its operations smoother; however, political disturbances and imbalances, as well as unsympathetic governmental regulations can also create obstructions for a business to operate efficiently within a nation (Macmillan Publishers Limited, n.d.). Contextually, the political factors identifiable in the external business environment of Nokia are regarded as quite vital as the company focuses on practicing flexible policies in its global business operations. In order to efficiently operate its business operations, the organisation significantly involves obtaining effective supports from the public sector through rapid and flexible change adoption within its operational processes (Blomstrm & et. al., 2002). Economic Environment This particular dimension encompasses the type of economic movement which constitute the livelihood of the people, wealth sources as well as the degree of the country’s industrialisation (Chernev & Kotler, 2008). Observing the international strategic practices of the company, the business strategy of Nokia significantly complies with the economic environment and stability of the country where the organisation attempts to operate its business practices. F urthermore, the organisation renders due significance towards the income level and economic conditions of the customer segments, with the sole intention to address customer demands effectively through needful innovation and